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A retirement research journal · est. 2022

Most retirement advice ends at the 4% rule. Ours begins there.

A weekly journal for retirees who plan to live more, and leave more. We write about how wealthy families turn savings into reliable retirement income, and we connect readers with advisors who can actually set it up.

Having a million dollars saved doesn't mean much if it only pays you forty thousand a year. The number that matters most near retirement isn't how much you've saved. It's how that money is set up to pay you back.

Index funds, bonds, a 401(k). None of these are wrong. They're just not enough on their own. The strategies that built Yale's endowment, or that anchor Ray Dalio's hedge fund, aren't secret. They're a way of pulling income from places that don't all go up and down at the same time.

There's a well-documented pattern in retirement: people with substantial savings tend to underspend. The typical retiree with a million dollars or more dies with most of it still in the account. That isn't usually for lack of wanting to spend it. It's that the plan they were using was built to prevent running out, not to figure out what they could actually afford.

You need answers in retirement

The decisions a real retirement plan has to make.

These are the questions that determine how much you keep, how long it lasts, and what's left for your family.

Tax Planning

Coordinating how income flows through accounts so the IRS keeps less of it.

Social Security

When and how to claim, considered as a household decision, not an individual one.

Roth Conversion Planning

Whether to do them at all, in which years, and how much to convert in each.

IRMAA & Medicare

Avoiding the income brackets that quietly raise Medicare premiums for years.

Withdrawal Sequencing

Which accounts to pull from first, second, third, and why the order matters.

Retirement Distribution

Turning a balance sheet into reliable monthly cash flow you can actually live on.

End-of-Life Care

Long-term care, estate planning, and the choices that determine what gets passed on.

Modern dynamic planning

How much can you actually spend?

Spending in retirement isn't a fixed number. The right plan adjusts as the portfolio does.

Monthly spending
$ 16,700 /mo
from a $3,000,000 portfolio
$2M $5M

A real plan adapts. This is what dynamic income planning looks like in practice.

Illustrative example. Not a recommendation or projection. Actual spending depends on age, expenses, taxes, health status, other income sources, and many variables not modeled here. This visualization shows the asymmetric "guardrails" logic used in modern dynamic-withdrawal planning, in which spending tends to rise close to the portfolio when it grows and tends to fall much less than the portfolio when it drops.

From the Journal

Informed opinions on the decisions retirees face.

Letter №01

When to claim Social Security

Most of the advice you'll read says to wait until 70 if you possibly can. For plenty of retirees, claiming earlier actually produces more total income over the rest of their lives. How to figure out which side of the line you're on, and the questions break-even calculators don't ask.

Read the letter
Letter №02

Whether to do Roth conversions

Most retirement software gives you one answer: do them in low-income years. The fuller answer is that conversions usually only pay off when your real goal is leaving more behind. For retirees mainly trying to fund their own lifetime, paying tax now to save tax later rarely beats just paying it later.

Read the letter
Letter №03

The retirement spending smile

Spending doesn't stay flat through retirement. It usually drops in your seventies and then climbs again in your eighties as healthcare costs rise. A plan built on a flat withdrawal rate misses both ends of the curve, and the amount it gets wrong is significant.

Read the letter
Letter №04

The time value of money, by age

A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow. Inflation makes that true on its own. In retirement, there's a second variable most calculations leave out, which is the number of healthy years you have left to actually use the money. How to factor your age in, and what changes when you do.

Read the letter
Letter №05

Why virtual advisors

Until recently, the advisors who specialized in retirement income for wealthy families would only meet in person, and usually in a handful of cities. That changed quietly over the last few years. What virtual access to that kind of advisor actually means in practice, and the things it still doesn't fix.

Read the letter
On the value of advice

The case for an advisor, in numbers.

For 25 years, Vanguard has been measuring what financial advisors actually contribute to client outcomes. Their research, updated most recently in 2024, finds that an advisor following established best practices can add up to roughly three percent in additional net annualized returns. Almost none of that comes from picking better stocks. It comes from the work most retirees don't think to count.

Behavioral coaching through volatile markets
Up to 200+ bps
Tax-loss harvesting, well-implemented
Up to 150+ bps
Tax-efficient retirement income strategy
Up to 100+ bps
Cost-aware investment selection
0 to 100 bps
Asset location across taxable and tax-advantaged accounts
0 to 60 bps
Disciplined rebalancing
12 bps
Total potential value added
Up to ~3% net

Source: Vanguard Investment Advisory Research Center, Putting a Value on Your Value: Quantifying Vanguard Advisor's Alpha® (2014, updated 2024). One basis point is one one-hundredth of a percent. The actual value added varies significantly by individual circumstance, and the figures above are estimates produced by Vanguard, not by Investors Journal. Past performance does not guarantee future results.



We don't manage your money and we don't sell products. We write a weekly journal for retirees who want better answers than the standard playbook, and we connect readers with advisors who can put those ideas to work.

2022
writing for retirees since
$500k+
typical reader, in savings
Weekly
a new letter, every week

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